What are EMC countermeasure materials?
With the proliferation of electronic devices, our lives have become more convenient, but at the same time, issues related to "electromagnetic waves" and "electromagnetic interference (noise)" have occured. Since these can negatively impact the normal operation of devices, taking measures for EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) is essential. In this article, we would like to explain the details of EMC countermeasure materials, the importance, and how to select them.
What is EMC?
Basic Concept of EMC
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) is a crucial concept in the design of electronic devices, considering the impact of electromagnetic waves on other devices and the surrounding environment. Essentially, it refers to a state where a device can operate normally without causing electromagnetic interference or being affected by interference from other devices. Achieving this goal requires careful consideration during the design phase.
International Standards for EMC
International standards for EMC are developed by organizations such as IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and CISPR (International Special Committee on Radio Interference). These standards are applied in compliance with regulations in various countries, and companies must demonstrate adherence to these standards before launching products in the market.
The Relationship Between EMC and Noise
Noise refers to irregular signals generated by electromagnetic waves, which can hinder the normal operation of electronic devices. It is crucial to suppress these noises in EMC measures and implement strategies to maintain the stability of signals.
Furthermore, EMC, EMI, and EMS are important concepts in the design and operation of electronic devices.
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) refers to the capability of electronic devices to operate without interfering with other devices or being affected by external electromagnetic interference. In other words, devices are expected to function properly in a specific electromagnetic environment.
EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
EMI refers to the phenomenon where external electromagnetic waves interfere with electronic devices or systems, affecting their operation and performance. Major causes include:
- Noise from power lines and communication lines
- Output from wireless communication devices
- Static electricity
- Magnetic field fluctuations
EMI countermeasures are crucial to prevent these interferences. Common methods include shielding, filtering, grounding, and careful placement.
EMS (Electromagnetic Susceptibility)
EMS represents the sensitivity of electronic devices or systems to the effects of external electromagnetic waves. It assesses how resistant they are to external electromagnetic waves. Devices with high EMS are considered less susceptible to EMI.
To evaluate EMS, appropriate tests are conducted to verify the extent of the impact on devices under various conditions. Factors such as electromagnetic wave intensity, frequency, and duration are involved.
Understanding these two aspects is vital to grasp how electronic devices interact in an electromagnetic environment. Especially from an EMC perspective, it is essential to control EMI and ensure EMS.
Importance of EMC Countermeasure Materials
The significance of EMC countermeasure materials stems from the increasing reliance on electronic devices in modern society. Particularly in fields such as medical devices, communication equipment, and automotive electronic systems, where high reliability is required, EMC measures are indispensable. If devices are affected by noise, it may lead to malfunction, data loss, or, in the worst case, serious accidents. Therefore, suitable EMC countermeasures for specific applications are needed.
Points to Consider When Selecting EMC Countermeasure Materials
When selecting EMC countermeasure materials, it's important to consider the following aspects:
Operating Environment
Depending on the location and conditions, the necessary countermeasure materials may vary. Materials suitable for outdoor, indoor, high humidity, or low temperature conditions must be selected accordingly.
Frequency Range
It is crucial to choose materials that are appropriate for the frequency range of electromagnetic waves that need to be mitigated. Selecting materials effective for specific frequencies will lead to effective countermeasures.
Key points of EMC Countermeasure
In the future, EMC countermeasure materials are expected to be evolving continously. Especially, with the proliferation of IoT and 5G, the importance of EMC countermeasures is increasing as communication between electronic devices grows. In addition, as the development of new technologies and materials progresses, more high-performance and cost-effective EMC countermeasure materials are anticipated to emerge in the market.
Furthermore, as countries tighten regulations and standards, there is a growing focus on EMC countermeasures, necessitating improvements in quality.
In this way, EMC countermeasure materials play an extremely important role in our lives and businesses. It is undeniable that these measures will become increasingly essential alongside technological advancements. By acquiring the right knowledge and implementing appropriate countermeasures, we aim to achieve reliable electronic devices.
Basic design for EMC countermeasures
| Shielding | Reflection | Absorption | Bypass |
|---|---|---|---|
| Covering with metals or electromagnetic wave absorbers to prevent noise emission and protect from external interference. | Returning noise components to the noise source while allowing only the signal components to pass through. | Absorbing noise components and converting them into heat, or canceling them out through phase difference. | Redirecting noise components that have entered the circuit to the ground. |
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| Electromagnetic wave absorbing sheets, noise suppression films, metal plates, gaskets, etc. | Inductors, LC filters, etc. | Electromagnetic wave absorbing sheets, resistors, ferrite beads, etc. | Capacitors, varistors, diodes, LC filters, etc. |
Maxell's EMC countermeasure materials contribute to the fundamental design of shielding and absorption for high-frequency applications.
It is the ability of electronic devices to "not generate electromagnetic interference (noise)" and "not be affected by electromagnetic interference," or to operate normally even if they are affected (both coexist). To effectively utilize electromagnetic waves, it is important to consider EMC countermeasures.
Lineup
Near Field
Far Field
